Optical aiming-device for machine guns



Jn. 16, 1934. K. JUNG OPTICAL AIMING DEVICE FOR MACHINE GUNS Filed Dc. 1e. 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 Karl Jung NEN-ron;

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Jan. 16, 1934. K. JUNG OPTICAL AIMING DEVICE FOR MACHINE GUNS Filed Dec. 16, 1931 zshee'cs-sheei;v 2

KARL JDN@ INVENTOF.

Patented Jan. 16, 1934 UNITED STATES OPTICAL AIMlNG-DEVICE FOR MACHINE GUNS Karl Jung, Munich, Germany Application December 16, 1931, Serial No. 581,359, and in Hungary December 19, 1930 Claims. (Cl. 882.2)

The optical aiming-device for machine-guns described in the following affords the gunner a far larger range of sight of the country than heretofore, his position being more comfortable 5 at the same time. Thus the sighting of objects,

specially of objects moving rapidly, as for instance aeroplanes, is made considerably easier, as the search for the object is effected by means of the aiming-device itself and not by means of a field-glass and the like as heretofore.

Fig. 1 of the drawings is a front elevational view of the device, Fig. 2 an axial cross-section of the aiming-device, Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the device (without light-protection) Fig. 4 is a section at line a in Fig. 2. Fig. 5, shows a safetydevice for the telescope lens. Figures 6 to 9 illus.- trate a modified form of the present invention in which means for laterally adjusting the deviation plate are provided. Figure 6 is a front elevational view, Figure 'l shows a part of the device in axial cross section, Figure 8 is a section at line a of Figure 7, and Figure 9 is a top plan View of the device, the light protection being omitted. Figures 10 and ll show further modifications of the present invention. Figure 10 shows a meniscus-shaped deviation plate provided with a central compensation lens, and Figure 11 shows a second style of construction of the arrangement illustrated in Figure l0. A lens O of great intensity of light, projecting a perspective plane of about 40 degrees, delineates a sharp, upright picture of the country over the mirror B on a glass plate P lying in its focus plane. For the purpose of exact focussing the lens O is so arranged, as to be movable axially and lixable. The whole arrangement is encased in a steel casing G, the upper border of which (in the focus plane of the lens) is constructed as a flange F. In this flange F there lies immovable the glass- 40 plate P which is entremely finely, almost transparently matted with the exception of a central, circular field C of varied size (not lined in Fig. 4)

Above the glass plate P the v(of course completely transparent) deviation-plate A with the 45 hair-cross or mark-pin Z and the scale S is arranged. The deviation plate A which lies in the ring R flattened on two sides, is movable and fixable in its plane in the direction of the arrow :1J-:1: (Fig. 3) for purposes of elevation (a2-axis) 5U Any known type of a tooth-drive, screw or Worm drive may be used for moving and locking the deviation plate to produce elevation thereof (see Figures 6 and '7). As guides serve the two segment-shaped ledges N supplied with grooves and resting on flange F. The degree of the displacement effected can be read at any time at a single glance with the aid of the scale S resting on the deviation plate A and the mark M on the matted plate P, without necessity of interrupting the observation through the aiming-device.

If for` lateral correction also a lateral displacements (y-axis) of the deviation-plate is required, same can of course be effected without diiculty by means of an intermediate ring. vFor this purpose the ring or frame N', which corresponds 65 to the portion N shown in Fig. 1, is guided in the direction y on the flange F. Movement is produced by the drive U the shaft of which is disposed in the ring or frame N meshing by the toothed wheel U with the toothed ange F (Fig. 7). In order to be able to move the deviation plate inthe direction a: the ring R is movably disposed in the frame N. Movement of the plate may be produced manually, While the locking thereof is brought about by means of a clamping screw V.

The ring R serves as a carrier for the lightprotection D made of rubber with spiral springs arranged inside and also for the ocular E arranged centrally above the field C (not lined) of plate P. 'Ihe exact focussing of the ocular is effected by turning it round its axis, the very thin mounting being supplied with an outer thread.

When looking into the aiming-device there appears on the matted plate in correspondence with the respective perspective plane of the lens O a stretch of. country of corresponding size, directly and binocularly perceptible for the eyes protected by light protection D against lateral light, the stretch of country appearing in the aiming-field C becoming visible magnied through the ocular E. Besides, each point of the glass pictureplane of P can be observed magnified according to requirements by means of a magnifier L, which can be displaced in the plane in all directions by the handle H and fixed by the clog K. In this manner it is possible to grip the object quickly and to bring it into the haircross or on the mark-pin by moving the machine-gun. y

.The magnifier L renders furthermore a greater ocular enlargement possible, if placed between ocular E and the deviation-plate A. It is also advantageous for an exact adjustment and reading of the elevation by means of the scale S and the mark M.

For special cases the ocular E, resting with the support T with bayonet-catch in ring R, can be taken out without difficult; so that the picture VGli visible on the glass plate P may be regarded solely with the magnifier L.

In order to obtain an aiming-device t for active service, the steel-casing enclosing the lens, and the mirror forms with the immovable matted glass plate a waterproof and dustproof entirety. Light-protection and deviation-plate may be pulled out fromthe groove-guide as a whole, which makes an easy cleaning of the mattedplate possible. It proves to be specially convenient and suitable-entirely eliminating the lower plate P to mat semi-transparently the deviation-plate A with the exception of the centre-field and to bring the point of a rigid steel-pointer welded with the casing into play on its scale S, the whole arrangement coming to lie in the mat field in the prolongation of the red mark-pin Z, that is downwards seen by the gunner.

The semi-transparent matting of A may also be replaced by a weakly opalescent coat or the like.

It is likewise surement to give the deviation plate but a small (meniscus-like) bend which is compensated in a central field by a corresponding lens fastened by putty.

The arrangement of ocular E and magnifier L may be simplified, if L represents half of a Ramsden-ocular, whose second (eye) lens fastened to the body of the telescope is put by hand into the mounting of L to effect a greater enlargement. Finally it is suicient to limit the light-protection D to a semi-circular low cramp open towards the gunner, which facilitates the cleaning of the deviation-plate, if it should become dim or dusty.

The searching for and sighting of the object of aim as well as the adjustment and reading of the elevation is effected during the observation by the aiming-device; consequently the gunner does not need to direct his attention towards objects outside of same. Thus a continuous and effective ring becomes possible. Further the insight from above and the clear and easily surveyable picture of the country gives the gunner (also in an aeroplane) the feeling of security and the tranquility for introducing the object of aim into the blankcentral shooting-field with the mark-pin.

The telescope lens O would then have to protrude through a correspondingly large orifice Q of the steel-screen SS at the machine-gun MG, the telescope and the gunner being exposed to the projectiles striking there. To avoid this disadvantage one may sight over a pair of parallel mirrors Sp, Sp', (Fig. 5) disposed in la bullet-- proof steel-casing SK, the raising of the optical axis by a few centimetres not being of any importance. The steel-casing SK is suspended from the steel-screen SS by means of a bayonet-catch and the mirrors can, if necessary, also be exchanged during the fight in` the case of breaking.

What I claim is:

l. An optical aimingv device for guns, comprising a projection lens, optical means for visualizing objects projected thereon by said lens, a mark pin for sighting, a casing for the aiming device, a magnifying lens rigidly attached to said casing over the visualizing means, and a second magnifying lens movably disposed in said casing and adapted to be moved over the entire area of said visualizing means, said twomagnifying lenses being adapted to combine their power.

2. An optical aiming device for guns compris-. ing a casing, a projection lens mounted therein,` a ground glass provided with a clear portion secured to the casing, the longitudinal axis of the ground glass being disposed parallel with the optical axis of the said lens, a reflecting surface disposed between said lens and the ground glass to project the light rays condensed by said lens onto the ground glass, a transparent plate provided with a mark pin superimposed on said ground glass, said mark pin serving for sighting purposes and means for longitudinally and laterally adjusting the said transparent plate in said casing.

3. An optical aiming device for guns comprising a casing, a projection lens mounted therein, a substantially meniscus shaped curved transparent plate movably mounted in said casing, the optical axes of said lens and plate being per-` pendicular to each other, a reflecting surface mounted in said casing between said lens and plate to project the light rays condensed by said projection lens to said plate, a mark pin rigidly attached to said casing over said plate, said plate comprising a rectifying lens at the centre thereof to prevent distortion, a stationary and a movable magnifying lens mounted over said plate, the power of said magnifying lenses being combinable and said stationary lens being centered in relation to said plate.

4. An optical aiming device for guns, comprising a casing, a projection lens mounted therein, a ground glass provided with a clear portion secured to the casing, the longitudinal axis of the ground glass being parallel with the optical axis of said lens, a reecting surface between said lens and the ground glass to project light rays condensed by the lens onto the ground glass, a transparent plate superimposed on'the ground glass, said plate having a mark pin for sighting purposes, a stationary magnifying lens secured to the casing above the clear portion in the ground glass, and a second magnifying lens movable in said casing over the entire area of said transparent plate, the power of said two magnifying lenses being combinable.

5. An optical aiming device, comprising the combination of claim 4 with means for adjusting the transparent plate in relation to the ground glass.

KARL JUNG. 

